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ORIGINAL
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Médica
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M É D I C A
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Evaluación de la densidad ósea en
defectos óseos palatinos tras injerto de
tejido óseo generado mediante ingeniería
tisular en conejos
Resumen
Objetivos.
Se pretende determinarmediante TAC la densidad ósea tras la utilización de injertos óseos autólogos artificiales genera-
dosmedianteingenieríatisularydeterminarlautilidad
invivo
deestosmateriales.
Métodos.
Sehanutilizado12conejosmachos
(NewZelandWhite)
de3semanasdeedad.Segeneróhuesoapartirdecélulasmadre
mesenquimalesdeltejidoadiposoalasque,trascultivoyexpansión,seindujodiferenciaciónalaestirpeosteogénicaysecombina-
ronconbiomaterialesdefibrinayagarosa.Estesustitutoóseofueinjertadodeformaautólogaenlosanimalesdeexperimentación.
Seestablecierontresgrupo
sdeestudio:GrupoI:secreadefectoóseode4mmyseimplantaeltejidoóseoautólogocubriendocon
colgajomucoperióstico. Grupo
II: Como control negativo, se realiza elmismoprocedimiento, pero sin implantar tejidoóseo. Grupo
III:Comocontrolpositivo,conejosalosquenoserealizaningúnprocedimiento.
Seestudióladensidadóseaalos6mesestraselimplantemediantetomografíacomputerizada,expresadasenunidadesHounsfield,
comparandoamboshemipaladares(ladointervenidoyladocontrol)
Resultados.
EnelgrupoIIIcontrolpositivo,ladensidadóseaerasimilarenamboshemipaladares(p>0’05).Porelcontrario,enelgru-
poIIcontrolesnegativos,seobservóunadiferenciaestadísticamentesignificativaenladensidaddelhuesopalatinoderechofrenteal
izquierdo(p<0’05).EnelgrupoI.noseobservarondiferenciasestadísticamentesignificativasentraambosladosdelpaladar(p>0’05).
Conclusión.
Latomografíacomputerizadayelanálisisde losdatosenunidadesHounsfield,sugierequeeltejidoóseogeneradopor
ingenieríatisularcontribuyeamejorarlacalidadydensidadóseaendefectosóseospalatinoscreadosenconejosdelaboratorio.
Abstract
Purpose.
We have carriedout a study todetermine the bone density after using artificial autologous bone grafts generated
by tissue engineering by means of computed tomography, and to determine the in vivo usefulness of these biomaterials.
Methods.
Twelve 3-week-old New Zeland White male rabbits were used in this study. Bone substitutes were generated
by using adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells. After culture and expansion, osteogenic differentiation was induced
and cells were combined with fibrin-agarose biomaterials. This bone substitute was autologously grafted in experimental
animals. Three study groups were established: Group I: a 4mm bone defect was created and the autologous bone tissue
was implanted, covered by amucoperiosteal flap. Group II: as a negative control, the same procedurewas performed, but
without implanting bone tissue. Group III: as a positive control, native non-operated rabbits were used.
Bone densitywas studied 6months after implantation by using computed tomography, expressed inHounsfield units, and
both sides of the palate -operated and control side- were compared.
Results.
In group III -positive control-, the bone density was similar in both sides of the palate (p>0.05). In contrast,
negative controls corresponding to group II showed a statistically significant bone density difference between the
right and the left palate (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed between both sides of the
palate in group I (p>0.05).
Conclusion.
Computed tomography and data analysis in Hounsfield units suggest that grafting tissue-engineered bone
substitutes contributes to improved bone quality and density in palatal bone defects created in laboratory rabbits.
Ricardo Fernández-Valadés Gámez
1
, Alba García Sevilla
2
, Elena Bullejos Martínez
1
, Gema
Arena de Frutos
1
, Antonio J. España López
3
, Ricardo Fernández Valadés
3
.
1
Servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial del Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid.
2
Servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial del Hospital Universitario de Ciudad Real.
3
Unidad de Fisurados Labiopalatinos y Malformaciones Craneofaciales del Hospital Universitario Virgen de las
Nieves. Granada.
Enviado: 24-02-2017
Revisado:15-04-2017
Aceptado:21-04-2017
Palabras clave: Densidad
ósea, ingeniería tisular, cirugía
experimental, tejido óseo, fisura
labiopalatina.
Keywords: Bone density, tissue
engineering, experimental
surgery, bone tissue, cleft lip
and palate.
Evaluation of bone density in palatine bone defects after
grafting of bone generated by tissue engineering in rabbits
Actual. Med.
2017; 102: (800): 13-17
DOI:
10.15568/am.2017.800.or02Ricardo Fernández-Valadés Gámez.
C/ Alcántara, 34, 2ºB. 28006 Madrid
Teléfono: 652800373
Email:
rfvgamez@gmail.com